全球视野 | 新成立的亚洲慈善委员会想要如何改变亚洲慈善？

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文章《New Commission on Asian Philanthropy seeks to shape region’s giving/新成立的亚洲慈善委员会旨在塑造该地区的捐赠》发布在Devex上。作者是Rebecca L. Root。文章介绍了亚洲慈善事业的现状和挑战，以及新成立的“亚洲慈善委员会”（Commission on Asian Philanthropy）旨在促进该地区慈善事业发展的工作。该委员会由10个亚洲的慈善组织组成，计划通过资助研究、推动“亚洲为亚洲”的合作模式，解决区域性的社会和环境问题，尤其是气候变化。

Asia's wealth is growing 1.7 times faster than the global average, freeing up more capital for investment in social impact, said experts. To help shape what that should look like, a group of 10 philanthropic organizations have come together to create a new Commission on Asian Philanthropy. 

专家指出，亚洲的财富增长速度是全球平均水平的1.7倍，这为社会影响领域的投资释放了更多资本。为引导这一趋势的发展方向，十家慈善机构联合成立了一个新的亚洲慈善委员会（Commission on Asian Philanthropy）。 

“Asian philanthropy has witnessed remarkable growth, but significant challenges remain, which may curtail the impact of existing programmes,” Lester G. Huang, chair of the Institute of Philanthropy and steward at The Hong Kong Jockey Club, one of the commission’s founding members, said in a statement. The club’s Charities Trust allocated 10.2 billion Hong Kong dollars ($1.3 billion) in funding to social impact initiatives last year. “Asia needs its own infrastructure to ensure that philanthropy has a recognised and valued role across its diverse contexts and to address the urgent social needs of the region.” 

“亚洲的慈善事业取得了显著的增长，但仍然面临着重大的挑战，这可能会削弱现有项目的影响力。”亚洲慈善委员会创始成员之一、香港赛马会董事、公益慈善研究院主席黄嘉纯在一份声明中表示。香港赛马会慈善信托基金去年向社会影响力项目拨款102亿港元（约合13亿美元）。黄嘉纯补充道：“亚洲需要建立自己的基础设施，以确保慈善事业在多元的背景中被认可并发挥价值，同时应对该地区紧迫的社会需求。” 

The commission aims, over the next three years, to fund research identifying opportunities for Asian philanthropy and detail how to create an “Asia, for Asia” ecosystem, recognizing specific regional challenges. It plans to release its first report in 2027. 

该委员会计划在未来三年内资助研究，识别确定亚洲慈善事业的机遇，并详细阐述如何打造一个“亚洲为亚洲/Asia, for Asia”的生态系统，以应对亚洲区域特有的挑战。亚洲慈善委员会预计在2027年发布其首份报告。 

In the past, philanthropic efforts in the region have been fragmented when what’s needed is “a cohesive, strategic approach,” read a statement from Ichiro Kabasawa, executive director of The Nippon Foundation, another of the commission’s founding members. It budgeted more than 300 million Japanese yen (around $2 million) in funding for fiscal year 2024. The statement expressed optimism that the commission will “create evidence-based strategies and foster long-term systemic change.” 

该委员会的另一个创始成员日本财团（The Nippon Foundation）执行董事桦沢一朗（Ichiro Kabasawa）在一份声明中表示：过去，亚洲地区的慈善工作是零散的，而现在需要的是“一个凝聚力强且具有战略性的方法”。该基金会为2024财年预留了超过3亿日元（约200万美元）的资金支持。这封声明中还表达了对亚洲慈善委员会的乐观期望，认为其将“制定基于证据的战略，并推动长期的系统性变革”。 

While Japan, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan Region are higher-income, the majority of Asia’s economies are emerging markets, “which means that there's a fair amount of need at home,” said Ruth Shapiro, co-founder and chief executive of the Centre for Asian Philanthropy and Society, or CAPS, an organization that produces research on best practices, models, policies, and strategies to improve the social investment sector in Asia. 

亚洲慈善与社会中心(CAPS) 的联合创始人兼首席执行官夏露萍表示：“尽管日本、新加坡、韩国和中国台湾属于高收入地区，但亚洲大多数经济体仍处于新兴市场阶段，这意味着本国内仍存在相当大的需求。”亚洲慈善与社会中心(CAPS)致力于研究最佳实践、模型、政策和战略，旨在改善亚洲社会投资领域。 

Yet historically, philanthropy in this region — whether from corporates or private foundations — has not been as robust as it might be, oftentimes more discreet and ad hoc. This is despite Asia being home to the largest number of billionaires — 36% of the world’s billionaires live in the region. They don’t, however, give at the same scale as those in the United States, according to research by CAPS. It found that if Asia’s wealthy gave at the same level as those in the U.S., there would be $702 billion in additional funding available, which would equate to 25% of the funding needed to meet the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. 

然而从历史上看，亚洲的慈善事业——无论是来自企业还是私人基金会，一直没有得到充分发展，往往表现得更为谨慎和临时。尽管亚洲拥有最多的亿万富豪：全球36%的亿万富豪生活在亚洲。但是根据CAPS的研究，他们的捐赠规模不如美国。研究发现，如果亚洲的富豪像美国富豪一样捐赠，那么将会有额外的7020亿美元可供使用。这个金额相当于到2030年实现可持续发展目标所需资金的25%。 

Any philanthropy also tends to be done through individual’s own companies rather than foundations and often focuses more on a person or organization’s immediate community. Attitudes around civil society and individuals' support of the social sector are also less clear-cut than elsewhere — and an additional barrier to increased giving is the legal context around larger philanthropic endeavors, which has been labeled as confusing given the fast-changing nature of laws in Asia compared to elsewhere that sometimes, depending on leadership, encourage or discourage philanthropy. 

亚洲的慈善事业通常也倾向于通过个人所属的公司进行，而非通过基金会，且往往更侧重于个人或组织所在的社区。与其他地区相比，亚洲地区在对公民社会以及对个人支持社会领域的态度也较为模糊。限制捐赠增长的另一个障碍，是关于更大型慈善事业的法律环境。因为亚洲的法律变化频繁，相较于其他地区，有时法律会因领导层的不同而支持或阻碍慈善活动。因此这种法律背景令人困惑。 

For example, in Myanmar, registering nonprofits is a complex process, and there can be restrictions, such as those in Afghanistan, on whether these organizations can receive overseas funding. 

例如，在缅甸，注册非营利组织是一个复杂的过程，而在阿富汗等地，类似的组织可能会面临一些限制，例如是否可以接受海外资金。 

For the philanthropic capital that is available, it has mainly been channeled toward addressing access to education alongside support for women and girls, nutrition, and poverty alleviation, according to global financial services provider Barclays. Yet universal health coverage, a lack of clean air, and the impacts of climate change are among other significant challenges. Asia is the most disaster-prone region in the world. “There is increasing recognition of the need for more attention to the climate and nature space,” said Lim Seok Hui, CEO of the Philanthropy Asia Alliance, or PAA, another new initiative focused on catalyzing collective philanthropy, which launched in 2023 and is hosted by the Temasek Trust. 

根据全球金融服务提供商巴克莱（Barclays）的报告，就亚洲可用的慈善资本而言，它主要用于解决教育机会、支持妇女和女童、营养以及扶贫等问题。然而，普及全民医保、空气污染以及气候变化带来的影响等其他重大挑战也仍然存在。亚洲是世界上最容易遭受灾害的地区。亚洲公益联盟（PAA）首席执行官林淑慧（Lim Seok Hui）说：“人们越来越认识到，需要更多地关注于气候与自然领域。”PAA是另一个新成立的倡议，旨在推动集体慈善事业。它成立于2023年，由淡马锡信托基金会主办。 

A joint report by the World Economic Forum, ClimateWorks Foundation, and the Philanthropy Asia Alliance found that less than 2% of global philanthropic funds are directed toward climate mitigation, with an even smaller percentage going to Asia. The region contributes 12% to the global 2% philanthropic spending while North America contributes 43% and 23% is provided by Europe. An increase in philanthropic funds alongside an “Asia for Asia” collaborative approach could see more climate action funded. 

世界经济论坛、气候工作基金会（ClimateWorks Foundation）和PAA联合发布的一份报告发现：全球慈善资金中只有不到2%用于减缓气候变化，其中流向亚洲的比例更小。在全球2%的慈善支出中，亚洲占12%，而北美占43%，欧洲占23%。如果慈善资金增加，并采用“亚洲为亚洲”的协作方式，则可能会有更多气候行动获得资金支持。 

In recent years, the number of donor-advised funds, which are investment accounts dedicated to supporting charitable initiatives, and foundations has increased in the region while ultrahigh-net-worth individuals are set to increase collective giving to $33 billion this year. In the Asia Pacific region, 85% of all companies are family firms, and younger generations are rising to positions of seniority. Their spending reflects their values, which are more focused on sustainability and social returns alongside innovative financing models and impact, said Hui. 

近年来，捐赠人建议基金（即专门用于支持慈善事业的投资账户）和基金会的数量在亚洲有所增加，同时超高净值个人的集体捐赠预计将于今年达到330亿美元。在亚太地区，85%的公司是家族企业，年轻一代正逐渐崭露头角，担任高级职务。林淑慧表示，这些年轻一代的消费支出反映了他们的价值观，更加关注可持续性和社会回报，同时采用创新的融资模式和影响力衡量方式。 

“Next generation philanthropists are increasingly recognizing Asia's central role in addressing the climate crisis, especially as the region accounts for over half of global carbon dioxide emissions and population,” she said. 

林淑慧说：“下一代的慈善家们越来越认识到，亚洲在应对气候危机中的核心作用，尤其是亚洲的二氧化碳排放量和人口占全球的一半以上。” 

Younger, self-made ultrahigh-net-worth individuals also constitute 26% of Asia’s superrich and tend to be more interested in social and environmental issues as well as the power of technology, according to Barclays. 

根据巴克莱的数据，亚洲超级富豪的26%是年轻且白手起家的超高净值人士，他们通常更关注社会和环境问题，以及技术的力量。 

The Commission on Asian Philanthropy — comprising 10 organizations including the Asia Philanthropy Congress, the King Khalid Foundation, and the Rainmatter Foundation — is “a welcome initiative” and complements PAA’s work in also trying to advance and collate Asian philanthropy in addressing global challenges, Hui said. 

亚洲慈善委员会由包括亚洲慈善会议（Asia Philanthropy Congress）、哈立德国王基金会（King Khalid Foundation）和Rainmatter基金会在内的10个组织组成。林淑慧表示，这是“一个受欢迎的举措”，并且补充了亚洲慈善联盟（PAA）的工作，PAA同样致力于推动和整合亚洲慈善事业，以应对全球挑战。 

There’s a lot of talk about collaboration right now, said Shapiro. CAPS recently released a report, which found that collaborative funding models are relatively sparse in Asia and that those that do exist focus on local challenges. Collaboration with governments and philanthropists, however, is quite common, Shapiro added. For example, Yayasan Khazanah, a sovereign wealth fund, has been engaged in a public-private partnership with the government of Malaysia to use business tools to create more student-centric and community-based education programs. “The government is now thinking about picking those interventions up and rolling it out across the country,” Shapiro explained. 

夏露萍表示，当前关于合作的讨论很多。CAPS最近发布的一份报告发现，亚洲合作资助的模式相对较少，而且现有的合作资助模式都是针对于当地的挑战。然而，与政府和慈善家的合作则相当普遍。夏露萍补充道，例如马来西亚的主权财富基金Yayasan Khazanah与马来西亚政府，通过公私合营的方式来进行合作，利用商业工具创建更多以学生为中心、以社区为基础的教育项目。“政府目前正在考虑采取这些干预措施，并在全国范围内进行推广，”夏露萍解释道。 

Looking ahead, she believes collaboration across the sector will be key as the Asian philanthropic space continues to grow. While she’s unsure of what the new commission’s potential is, “any buzz around philanthropy is a good thing,” she said. 

展望未来，她认为，随着亚洲慈善领域的不断发展，整个领域的合作将成为关键。虽然她还不确定新成立的委员会的潜力有多大，但她说：“任何围绕慈善事业进行的讨论，都是一件好事。”