全球视野 | 缺少关注与资金：慈善事业如何辜负了男孩和男性？

理查德·里夫斯

Richard Reeves

There’s a belief that a lot of general spending is going to implicitly help boys and men more than girls and women. If you’re funding economic mobility, work-force development, mental health care, for instance, it’s believed that’s going to tilt more towards boys and men, so you need this sort of corrective spending for girls and women. This is part of a more general argument in public policy, but I think it really applies in philanthropy, too. 

有一种观点认为，与女孩和女性相比，许多一般性支出会隐性地更多帮助男孩和男性。例如，如果你资助经济流动性、劳动力发展、心理健康护理等领域，人们认为这些资金更可能倾向于男孩和男性，因此你需要这类针对女孩和女性的纠偏性支出。这是公共政策中的一个更普遍的论点，但我认为它在慈善事业中也确实适用。 

But I don’t think that general philanthropy is skewed male. When you talk to people in the YMCA, Boys & Girls Clubs, etc., quite often they’re saying that they’re struggling to actually reach and serve a lot of boys even though they’re trying to. You get this sense that without a bit of a focus on boys and men, if anything, the default might go a little bit the other way. 

但我并不认为一般性的慈善事业是偏向男性的。当你与基督教青年会（YMCA）、男孩女孩俱乐部（Boys & Girls Clubs）等机构的人交谈时，他们经常会说，尽管他们在努力，但实际上很难接触和服务到大量的男孩。你能感觉到，如果不稍微关注一下男孩和男性，这种默认倾向可能会朝着相反的方向发展。

理查德·里夫斯

Richard Reeves

Part of the problem here is that it goes a little bit against the grain that we’re going to have to invest extra resources in boys and men. It’s seen by some people as difficult, problematic, sensitive, challenging — whatever word you want to use. It goes against our prevailing view about gender equality. 

问题的一部分在于，要求我们为男孩和男性投入额外资源，这有点违背常理。对一些人来说，这被认为是困难的、有问题的、敏感的、具有挑战性的——无论你用哪个词。这有悖于我们关于性别平等的主流观点。

理查德·里夫斯

Richard Reeves

Clearly there was a bit of a surge, specifically around boys of color, and Black boys in particular. But in some ways, that was the exception. Even at the time, there was some resistance to the idea of having that focus specifically on boys and men, particularly from women’s groups. 

显然，当时确实引起了一波关注，特别是围绕有色人种男孩，尤其是黑人男孩。但在某些方面，这只是一个例外。即使在当时，针对男孩和男性的专门关注也遇到了一些抵制，特别是来自女性团体的抵制。 

Over time, a lot of those initiatives have evolved to being more about helping young people of color. The gender-specific nature of those efforts has definitely been diluted. 

随着时间的推移，许多这些倡议演变成了更多地关注帮助有色人种的年轻人。这些工作的性别针对性无疑被淡化了。

理查德·里夫斯

Richard Reeves

The pandemic was really the lightbulb moment for me. The number of reports and studies and press releases calling attention to the potential dangers specifically to women and girls that were posed by the pandemic was huge, and quite right, too. But there was lots of stuff happening to boys and men as well, and that wasn’t getting attention. College enrollment rates dropped seven times more for men than for women. Men were dying in much, much bigger numbers. 

对我来说，新冠疫情确实是一个让我醍醐灌顶的时刻。大量的报告、研究和新闻稿呼吁人们关注新冠疫情给女性和女孩带来的潜在危险，这也是非常正确的。但是，还有很多发生在男孩和男性身上的事情，没有得到关注。男性大学入学率的下降幅度是女性的七倍。男性的死亡人数也要多得多。 

It was a big realization to me that this is an institutional issue. The point is not that there’s anything wrong with what women’s groups were doing, but there was silence on the other side. The absence of other institutions and voices drawing attention to the issues of boys and men creates an asymmetry. 

这让我深刻意识到这是一个制度性问题。问题的关键并不是女性团体在做的事情有什么问题，而是另一方的沉默。缺乏关注男孩和男性问题的机构和声音，这造成了一种不对称的局面。

理查德·里夫斯

Richard Reeves

For a lot of foundations, it’s not breaking news that there are a lot of issues facing boys and men. They’re seeing it in their own data quite often. It’s more like, what’s the permission space around both talking about this and then investing in it? This work doesn’t fit into existing funding streams in a neat way. 

对于很多基金会来说，男孩和男性面临的很多问题，并不是什么爆炸性新闻。他们经常在自己的数据中看到这些问题。更重要的是，在谈论这个问题并对其进行投资的过程中，所允许的空间有多大？这些工作并不能很自然地融入现有的资助渠道。 

At worst, the idea of a male struggle is like an oxymoron. It’s an eye roll moment; it’s a tiny violins moment. But I do think that permission space has really opened up over the past few years, and a huge part of our mission is to continue to expand that. 

在最糟糕的情况下，男性的挣扎被视为一种矛盾。这是一个翻白眼的时刻；这是一个不值得同情的时刻。但我确实认为，在过去几年里，允许的空间已经真正打开，而我们的一个重要使命就是继续扩大这一空间。 

I’m really pleased by how many leading voices in the women’s movement are saying, “Of course we should pay attention to boys and men” and then do something about it. I see it all as part of a general movement to build a gender sensitivity into philanthropic giving in both directions. 

我非常高兴地看到，女性运动中的许多领军人物都在说：“我们当然应该关注男孩和男性”，然后采取行动。我将这一切视为一个整体运动的一部分，旨在将性别敏感性融入到双向的慈善捐赠中。

理查德·里夫斯

Richard Reeves

I had some contact with senior people at Pivotal Ventures — Gates’s limited-liability company — but not with Melinda herself and never with a hint that this was coming. It was out of the blue. Given that I’m explicitly focused on boys and men, it was perhaps an even bigger surprise to open that email for me than for other recipients who are working in areas on behalf of women and girls. That is obviously where the bulk of Melinda French Gates’s money has gone and continues to go. 

我与 Pivotal Ventures（梅琳达·盖茨拥有的有限责任公司）的高层人士有过一些接触，但没有接触过梅琳达本人，也从未有任何迹象表明会有这样的事情发生。这一切都太突然了。鉴于我的工作重点是男孩和男性，打开这封邮件对我来说，可能比对其他在女性和女孩领域工作的人来说更加意外。很明显，梅琳达·盖茨的大部分资金已经并且将继续流向这些领域。 

As she says, it’s very hard to create a world where women are going to flourish if the men start floundering. She’s vaulted over the kind of zero-sum framing by continuing to make massive investments on behalf of women and girls but also saying there’s some stuff we need to do for boys and men as well as part of the gender equality push. 

正如梅琳达·盖茨她所说，如果男性开始陷入困境，那就很难创造一个女性可以蓬勃发展的世界。她会继续为女性和女孩进行大规模投资，同时表示我们需要为男孩和男性做一些事情，这也是推动性别平等的一部分，从而来打破这种零和博弈的框架。 

My investments are in boys and men, 100 percent, but I think there are ways to help them that will be very obviously good for women and girls. My donor-advised fund is going to be called Rise Together because that captures the spirit of what I think about this. We’re still going through the mechanics of setting it all up, but I’m going to be looking for ways to support boys and men, especially those from less-advantaged backgrounds. 

我的投资完全集中在男孩和男性身上。但我认为有一些方法可以帮助他们，这些方法显然也对女性和女孩有益。我的DAF将命名为“共同崛起”，因为这体现了我对此事的看法。我们还在处理设立基金的具体操作，但我将寻找支持男孩和男性的方法，特别是那些来自弱势背景的男孩和男性。 

The French Gates money is a really important signal. When you get a philanthropist of that stature sort of signaling that this is an area that she’s noticed could do with some investment, that just helps others to go, “Oh interesting.” 

梅琳达·盖茨的资金是一个非常重要的信号。当一位有如此地位的慈善家发出信号，表示她注意到这一领域需要一些投资时，就会让其他人觉得 ：“哦，有意思”。

理查德·里夫斯

Richard Reeves

We’ve been breaking down these gender stereotypes in one direction only. Men represent far less than half of the work force in mental health professions. Having men in our classrooms and in our therapy rooms and in our hospitals as nurses is just as important as having women in our labs and in our spacecraft and in our engineering offices. Representation matters, and it has to matter as much as those professions. The cratering share of men in those professions is bad for everybody. 

我们一直在单向地打破这些性别刻板印象。在心理健康专业的劳动力中，男性比例远远不到一半。让男性进入我们的教室、治疗室和医院担任护士，与让女性进入我们的实验室、航天器和工程办公室一样重要。代表性很重要，它必须和这些职业一样重要。男性在这些职业中的比例急剧下降，对所有人都是不利的。 

I compare the American Association for Men in Nursing to the Society of Women Engineers, and it’s like comparing a mom and pop corner store to Walmart. They’re just tiny, they have no money, they just have no resources and nothing for scholarships. 

我把美国男性护理协会（American Association for Men in Nursing）与女性工程师学会（Society of Women Engineers）进行比较，这就像把一家夫妻小店与沃尔玛相比。它们规模小，资金匮乏，几乎没有资源，也没有任何奖学金。 

There are a lot of programs that do a really good job in high and middle schools of exposing girls to STEM professions, and there are basically none on the other side. That would be a really, really good thing to support. There’s some great scholarship programs for encouraging girls and women into STEM subjects. How about more scholarships to get men into K-12 teaching? Why not fund them alongside the work that you’re doing to get women into STEM? 

有很多项目，非常成功地让女孩在高中和初中接触到STEM职业，而基本上没有同类的项目存在于另一边。支持这种项目将是非常有意义的事情。有一些很好的奖学金项目，是为了鼓励女孩和女性进入STEM领域。那么，为什么不提供更多奖学金，让男性进入K-12教学呢？为什么不在资助女性进入STEM的工作同时，资助男性进入教育领域的工作呢？

理查德·里夫斯

Richard Reeves

I have very mixed feelings about this connection. The much bigger problem than men acting out is men checking out. The number of men who take other people’s lives is dwarfed by the number of men who take their own lives. 

对于这种联系，我的感受很复杂。比起男性发泄情绪，更大的问题是他们选择逃避现实。自杀的男性人数远远超过了那些夺走他人生命的男性。 

We’re now losing more years of male life to suicide than anything else. Since 2010, almost all the rise in suicide has been among young men. We’re losing 40,000 men a year to suicide. It troubles me sometimes that the tragic actions of the very, very tiny, infinitesimally small minority of men who do act out gets attention, and the daily loss of life and meaning for millions of young men does not. 

现在，自杀造成的男性寿命损失比其他任何事情都要多。自2010年以来，几乎所有自杀率的增加，都集中在年轻男性群体中。每年有4万名男性死于自杀。有时让我感到不安的是，那些极少数采取悲剧性行为的男性得到了关注，而每天数百万年轻男性失去生命和意义的现象，却未得到重视。 

I’m really worried that the way this can get construed is that every young man who is struggling to find his place in the world is a potential shooter. That is just emphatically not true and is a very troubling way to frame it. 

我真的很担心，这种情况会被理解为，每一个在世界上努力寻找自己位置的年轻男性都是潜在的枪手。这绝对不是真的，也是一种非常令人不安的说法。 

On the other hand, it is certainly true that many of these young men are lost. They’re struggling to find a place in the world where they feel valued, where they feel needed, where they feel seen. Tragically, some of them will act in a way that will make sure that they are seen, even almost always after their death. I don’t want to in any way sort of suggest that that’s indicative of a kind of general issue, but if it helps us draw our attention to the real issues that so many young men are facing, then that’s good. 

另一方面，确实有许多年轻男性感到迷失。他们在努力寻找一个让自己感到有价值、有需要、被看见的位置。可悲的是，他们中的一些人会以某种方式确保自己被看见，尽管这几乎总是在他们去世之后。我不想以任何方式暗示这是一种普遍的问题，但如果这能帮助我们注意到这么多年轻男性正在面临的真正问题，那么这也是好的。

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