全球视野 | 不满于传统慈善事业：Solidaire如何让捐赠人的财富立刻发挥作用？
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美国财富界的名人正通过捐赠人网络Solidaire将他们的“钱用到刀刃上”
Who’s Who in American Wealth Are Putting Their ‘Money to Work Now’ With Donor Network Solidaire
来源：
巴伦周刊/Barron's
作者：
Michael Kaminer
文章《Who’s Who in American Wealth Are Putting Their ‘Money to Work Now’ With Donor Network Solidaire/美国财富界的名人正通过捐赠人网络Solidaire将他们的“钱用到刀刃上”》发布在巴伦周刊/Barron's上，作者是Michael Kaminer。《巴伦周刊》涵盖美国金融信息、市场发展和相关统计数据。文章介绍了一个名为Solidaire的捐赠人网络，Solidaire的400名成员囊括了美国财富界的名人，其大多数成员都是对传统慈善不满的捐赠人，他们不满其缓慢的进展和对“试验”的恐惧，他们希望可以立刻把捐赠的资金“用在刀刃上”。文章随后分享了与Solidaire 执行董事拉贾斯维尼·班萨里的采访，就该组织的理念和实践做了更详细的介绍。
The elevator pitch for Rajasvini Bhansali’s role as executive director of Solidaire is to “organize donors and funders to move critical resources to social movements,” she says.
拉贾斯维尼·班萨里说，她作为Solidaire执行董事的职责很简单，就是“组织捐赠人和资助者，将关键资源转移到社会运动中”。
But that doesn’t tell the whole story of the organization.
但这并不能说明该组织的全部情况。
Solidaire’s 400 members include a who’s-who of American wealth, from California philanthropist Susan Pritzker and daughter Regan to Qualcomm heirs Sam and Beth Jacobs to Brooke Lehman of Lehman Brothers lineage. Oil heiress Leah Hunt-Hendrix co-founded Solidaire in 2012, inspired by Occupy Wall Street protests the previous year.
Solidaire的400名成员包括了美国财富界的名人，从加州慈善家Susan Pritzker和她的女儿Regan，到高通公司继承人Sam Jacobs和Beth Jacobs，再到雷曼兄弟的Brooke Lehman。石油继承人Leah Hunt-Hendrix受2011年的“占领华尔街”抗议活动的启发，于2012年和他人共同创立了Solidaire组织。
Most of the members of the Oakland, Calif.-based Solidaire are donors dissatisfied with conventional philanthropy, its sclerotic pace, and its fear of “experimentation,” Bhansali says.
Solidaire的总部位于加利福尼亚州奥克兰市。班萨里表示，该组织的大多数成员都是对传统的慈善事业、其僵化的步伐以及对“试验”的恐惧，而感到不满的捐赠人。
Often, membership means breaking with a family’s pet causes or long-supported charities. Solidaire’s grantmaking areas include Black-led social-change organizations, Indigenous reproductive justice, and protections for movement organizers under legal or physical threats.
通常情况下，加入该组织意味着要与其家庭所钟爱的事业或长期支持的慈善机构决裂。Solidaire的资助领域包括黑人领导的社会变革组织、原住民的生殖正义，以及保护受到法律或人身威胁的运动组织者。
“Younger inheritors today are incredibly skillful at moving along their parents’ generation and their wealth managers without losing those connections―and without rejecting how their wealth was built,” Bhansali says in an interview. “There will always be people who think ‘My philanthropy is my legacy and my ego.’ But most know it’s more effective to collaborate, and that’s what we help them do.”
班萨里说在一次采访中说：“如今的年轻继承人非常善于与他们父母那一代以及财富管理人打交道。他们既不会失去这些联系，也不会否认自己的财富是如何积累起来的。总会有人认为‘我的慈善事业就是我的遗产和我的自尊’。但大多数人都知道合作更有效，这就是我们帮助他们做的。”
Bhansali, a native of India who studied astrophysics at the University of California, Berkeley and earned a master’s degree in Public Policy at the University of Texas, is the author of Leading with Joy: Practices for Uncertain Times, a handbook on “compassion-centered” leadership released in 2022. Before joining Solidaire in 2018, Bhansali was executive director of global nonprofit Thousand Currents, which funds community programs in Africa, Asia, and South America. “I spent time in rural Kenya and rural India,” she says. “It changed my way of looking at the world, and how grassroots innovation happens.”
拉贾斯维尼·班萨里是印度人，曾在加州大学伯克利分校学习天体物理学，并在得克萨斯大学获得公共政策硕士学位。班萨里是《Leading with Joy: Practices for Uncertain Times/以快乐引领：不确定时期的实践》一书的作者，这是一本“以同情为中心”的、关于领导力的手册，于2022年发行。在2018年加入Solidaire之前，班萨里是全球非营利组织Thousand Currents的执行董事，该组织为非洲、亚洲和南美洲的社区项目提供资金。班萨里说：“我在肯尼亚农村和印度农村待过一段时间，它改变了我看待世界的方式，以及关于基层创新是如何发生的想法。”
Solidaire向其目标组织提供了多少资金？
How much money has Solidaire directed to its target organizations?
拉贾斯维尼·班萨里
Rajasvini Bhansali
Since 2020, we’ve moved US$42 million through pooled funds and multiyear gifts. But our members have donated much more on their own. We had a goal of moving US$1 billion to social movements over a decade, from 2019 until 2029. We found our members had themselves moved US$830 million from 2019 through 2022. They did it independently, but many credit Solidaire with helping shape how much they give, and where.
自2020年以来，我们已通过共享基金和多年期捐赠捐出了4200万美元。但是，我们的成员独自捐出了更多。我们的目标是在2019年至2029年的十年间，为社会运动拨款10亿美元。我们发现，从2019年到2022年，我们的成员自己就已经捐赠了8.3亿美元。这是他们独立完成的，但许多人认为是Solidaire帮助他们确定了捐赠金额和捐赠目标。
财富创造与慈善事业之间是否存在差异？
Is there a discrepancy between wealth creation and philanthropy?
拉贾斯维尼·班萨里
Rajasvini Bhansali
That’s the whole reason for our existence―disproportionate wealth amidst deep inequality on one hand, and the idea that people should just know how and where to give away money on the other. From the beginning, our mission has been to help people do more, develop a consciousness, and understand that the wealth they’ve accumulated came on the backs of exploitation. It’s not about charity; it’s about social good. Freedom depends on the ability not to live in an unequal society.
这就是我们存在的全部理由：一方面是因为财富分配不均，贫富差距悬殊；另一方面是关于人们应该知道如何以及在哪里捐赠的想法。从一开始，我们的使命就是帮助人们做更多的事情，培养他们的意识，让他们明白他们积累的财富是在剥削的基础上得来的。这不是关于慈善，而是关于社会公益。是否自由取决于是否有能力不生活在不平等的社会中。
遗产财富可能有其历史渊源，但你为什么要把人工智能或科技财富定性为剥削的呢？
Legacy wealth might come with a history, but why would you qualify AI or tech fortunes as exploitative?
拉贾斯维尼·班萨里
Rajasvini Bhansali
That’s not the same generational wealth as an oil or gas heir, sure. But AI privileges a particular kind of workforce to the end we’ve seen in this country and all over the world. There’s a rising tide of worker strikes and a loss of jobs. You could argue that tech fortunes have been built at the expense of working-class people. That kind of disproportionate wealth has a societal cost.
确实，这与石油或天然气继承人的代际财富不同。但是人工智能赋予了某种特定的劳动力特权，这在我们国家以及世界各地都能看到。工人罢工潮正在兴起，工作岗位正在流失。你可以说，科技财富是以牺牲工人阶级的利益为代价建立起来的。这种不成比例的财富会产生社会成本。
简而言之，传统慈善事业有什么问题？
In a nutshell, what’s wrong with traditional philanthropy?
拉贾斯维尼·班萨里
Rajasvini Bhansali
Traditional philanthropy as we know it is a tax haven. The highest standard for good traditional philanthropy is that a minimum 5% of a foundation’s assets need to get paid out annually to get tax breaks. But that 5% might include what families pay themselves and their advisers—the “expenses.” It’s not 5% going toward public benefit. So we have 95% of the wealth sitting there, waiting for some rainy day, while we’re facing a massive climate crisis with a ticking clock. Our belief is, let’s liberate this wealth now. Let’s put the money to work now.
我们知道，传统慈善事业是避税天堂。传统慈善事业的最高标准是，基金会每年至少需要拿出5%的资产才能获得减税。这5%可能也包含了家庭支付给自己和顾问的“费用”。这5%并不是全部用于公共利益。因此，我们有95%的财富闲置在那里，等待着某个“雨天”的到来。而与此同时，我们正面临着一场巨大的气候危机，时间在一分一秒地流逝。我们的信念是，让我们现在就解放这些财富。让我们现在就把钱“用在刀刃上”。
Traditional philanthropy also doesn’t go far enough to teach people of wealth the skills of influence and organization.
传统的慈善事业在向富人教授关于影响力和组织能力方面，也做得不够。
如果一个人并不富有，但希望更有效地进行捐赠，他能从Solidaire学到什么？
What can someone learn from Solidaire if they’re not wealthy, but would like to give more effectively?
拉贾斯维尼·班萨里
Rajasvini Bhansali
First, get involved. Find local community organizations that have a vision for a just society. Volunteer for them, door-knock, and get to know people who are organized and meeting needs in your community.
首先，参与其中。寻找那些拥有公正社会愿景的本地社区组织。为他们做志愿者，挨家挨户拜访，并结识那些在你的社区中进行组织和满足他人需求的人。
Second, give to organizations locally, regionally, or nationally that have a long-term strategy. Even as we focus on immediate needs, it’s important that we’re oriented around building power in the long term. We have a list of who we fund, and why, on our site. It’s not prescriptive, but can provide useful criteria. Third, we’re in an important electoral year. Choose what kind of ballot measures you want to get involved in to create change.
其次，向当地、地区或全国范围内具有长期战略的组织提供捐赠。尽管我们关注的是眼前的需求，但重要的是我们要着眼于长期的力量建设。我们在网站上列出了资助对象和资助原因。这不是规定性的，但可以提供有用的标准。第三，今年是重要的选举年。请选择您希望参与的投票措施，以创造变革。
在慈善和捐赠方面，谁在正确的道路上？
Who’s doing it right when it comes to philanthropy and giving?
拉贾斯维尼·班萨里
Rajasvini Bhansali
A lot of people. We can only exist because there’s an entire ecosystem of changemakers, whether it’s foundations or community groups. Our lane is to organize people with wealth. But we collaborate with others who have a similar mandate.
很多人。我们之所以能够存在，是因为有一个由变革者组成的完整生态系统，无论他们是基金会还是社区组织。我们的使命是把有财富的人组织起来。但我们也和其他有类似使命的人合作。
Solidaire的成功，是因为高净值人士信任其他高净值人士吗？
Is Solidaire successful because high-net-worth people trust other high-net-worth people?
拉贾斯维尼·班萨里
Rajasvini Bhansali
Most people are attracted to us for a community and what I’d call a political home. They can practice a new view of the world and make connections with others who are giving. They’re often in spaces where they’re told how they should behave. But humans need spaces where they can be human. We share practices to allow them to be courageous and vulnerable at the same time, and realize it’s OK to fail and make mistakes.
大多数人被我们吸引，因为我们是一个社区，也是我所说的政治家园。他们可以实践一种新的世界观，并与其他捐赠人建立联系。他们往往身处一个被告知应该如何行为表现的环境中。但人类需要能够表现自己真实一面的空间。我们分享实践，允许他们既勇敢又脆弱，同时意识到失败和犯错是可以接受的。
*This interview has been edited for length and clarity.
*为了篇幅和清晰度，本访谈经过编辑。
关键句翻译
共享基金是指为投资目的而将许多个人投资者的资金汇集在一个投资组合中。那么共享基金的英文是什么？
Pooled Fund
pooled v.共享；合办；以(资金等)入股
翻译、撰稿：丁适于（杭州市基金会发展促进会）
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