全球视野 | 93亿美元与8位捐赠人：2022年美国的10笔最大捐赠

The Chronicle’s annual list of the 10 largest charitable gifts announced by individuals or their foundations totaled nearly $9.3 billion in 2022. The contributions went to large, well-established institutions, three of them private foundations and three universities to support environmental sustainability, children’s mental health, and stem-cell research. The other gifts backed cancer research and treatment, housing efforts, youth programs, and reproductive health. 

《The Chronicle of Philanthropy/慈善纪事报》公布了年度个人或其基金会的Top10慈善捐赠榜单。2022年的榜单总额接近93亿美元。这些捐赠流向了规模庞大且成熟的机构。这其中有三家私人基金会和三所大学，这些捐赠用于支持环境的可持续发展、儿童的心理健康和干细胞研究。其他捐赠则支持了癌症研究和治疗、住房计划、青年项目和生殖健康。 

Two of the gifts exceeded $1 billion, and six of the eight donors (one donor made three gifts) are multibillionaires. The combined net worth of those six donors is just over $325 billion. 

其中两份捐赠超过了10亿美元，8位捐赠者中的6位（一位捐赠人捐赠了3笔）是亿万富翁。这六位捐赠人的净资产总和，加起来略高于3250亿美元。 

Topping the list is Bill Gates, who gave $5 billion to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Along with that infusion, he deposited $15 billion into the coffers of the foundation in 2022 – a sum announced by Bill and Melinda French Gates in 2021, putting their commitment on the top of the Chronicle’s rankings that year. 

名列榜首的是比尔·盖茨，他向比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会捐赠了50亿美元。除了这笔注资，他在2022年还向基金会存入了150亿美元。这笔资金是比尔和梅琳达·盖茨在2021年宣布的。这笔捐赠的承诺使他们在当年的《慈善纪事报》排名中名列前茅。 

Gates, whose net worth is estimated at $104 billion, announced in July that he would be putting $20 billion into the foundation. However, foundation officials confirmed in December that three-fourths of that $20 billion went toward paying off the $15 billion commitment. Those billions will back the grant maker’s work in global health, development, policy and advocacy, and U.S. education. 

盖茨的净资产估计为1040亿美元。他在7月宣布，他将向基金会投入200亿美元。然而，基金会的官员在12月证实，这200亿美元中有四分之三是用于支付那150亿美元的承诺。这数十亿美元将支持资助者在全球健康、开发、政策和宣传以及美国教育方面的工作。 

Ann and John Doerr came in second with a $1.1 billion donation they’re giving through their Benificus Foundation to Stanford University to launch the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability, an effort to tackle the world’s most urgent climate and sustainability challenges. The new school will focus on eight areas of scholarship: climate change, Earth and planetary sciences, energy technology, sustainable cities, the natural environment, food and water security, human society and behavior, and human health and the environment. 

安和约翰·杜尔名列第二，他们通过他们的Benificus基金会向斯坦福大学捐赠了11亿美元，用于建立斯坦福杜尔可持续发展学院，旨在解决世界上最紧迫的气候和可持续发展挑战。这所新学院将专注于八个学术领域：气候变化、地球和行星科学、能源技术、可持续城市、自然环境、食品和水安全、人类社会和行为，以及人类健康和环境。 

The new school will house several academic departments and interdisciplinary institutes. It will also be home to a “sustainability accelerator,” which, among other efforts, will award grants to researchers and others to develop new technologies in environmental sustainability and related arenas, advance new policies, and support partnerships. 

这所新学院将容纳几个学术部门和跨学科研究机构。它还将是一个“可持续发展加速器”的所在地。除其他工作外，该加速器将向研究人员和其他人员提供资助，以开发环境可持续性和相关领域的新技术，推动新政策，并支持合作伙伴关系。 

John Doerr is a venture-capital investor who made his mark and much of his fortune as an early backer of Silicon Valley technology giants like Sun Microsystems, Amazon, and Google. Today he serves as chairman of the investment firm Kleiner Perkins, and his net worth stands at a little more than $9 billion. 

约翰·杜尔是一位风险投资家，他作为硅谷科技巨头（如太阳微系统公司、亚马逊和谷歌）的早期支持者，成就了自己的名声和大部分财富。今天，他担任投资公司Kleiner Perkins/凯鹏华盈的董事长，其净资产略高于90亿美元。

Coming in third are Jackie and Mike Bezos, the mother and stepfather of Amazon founder Jeff Bezos. The couple gave the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center $710.5 million to build 36 research labs and an additional large research facility. The grant will also support the cancer center’s clinical trials and immunotherapy research over the next 10 years. 

排在第三位的是杰姬和迈克·贝佐斯，他们是亚马逊创始人杰夫·贝佐斯的母亲和继父。这对夫妇给福瑞德·哈金森癌症研究中心提供了7.105亿美元，用于建造36个研究实验室和一个额外的大型研究设施。这笔拨款还将支持该癌症中心在未来10年的临床试验和免疫疗法研究。 

The couple have been fairly low-profile philanthropists until recently. Yet Jackie Bezos has been closely involved in several nonprofit projects over the years. She created the Bezos Scholars Program at the Aspen Institute, the Aspen Challenge, and Students Rebuild, all of which are education programs for various age groups. Mike Bezos spent 32 years working as an engineer and manager with the oil and gas giant Exxon Mobil before retiring and turning his attention to the couple’s giving. 

直到最近，这对夫妇一直是相当低调的慈善家。然而，多年来，杰姬·贝佐斯一直密切参与了几个非营利性项目。她在阿斯彭研究所创建了贝佐斯学者计划、阿斯彭挑战赛和学生重建计划。所有这些都是针对不同年龄段的教育计划。迈克·贝佐斯在石油和天然气巨头埃克森美孚公司担任了32年的工程师和经理，然后退休并将注意力转向了夫妇俩的捐赠。 

The gifts from the Doerrs and the Bezoses were followed by one from Warren Buffett. The revered 92-year-old investor gave stock valued at nearly $474.3 million to the Susan Thompson Buffet Foundation, a grant maker Warren Buffet established in 1964 to manage the family’s charitable giving that was later renamed for his first wife, who died in 2004. The foundation supports women’s reproductive health and provides college scholarships for students in Nebraska, where the foundation is located. 

紧随杜尔夫妇和贝佐斯夫妇的捐赠之后，沃伦·巴菲特也做出了一笔捐赠。这位受人尊敬的92岁投资者向苏珊·汤普森·巴菲特基金会捐赠了价值近4.743亿美元的股票。该基金会是沃伦·巴菲特于1964年成立的一个资助机构，用于管理巴菲特家族的慈善捐赠。后来沃伦·巴菲特以其2004年去世的第一任妻子的名字，重新命名了该基金会。该基金会支持妇女的生殖健康，并为基金会所在的内布拉斯加州的学生提供大学奖学金。 

A representative for Buffett confirmed the gift was a special one-time contribution that Buffett decided to make in late November rather than one of the annual donations he makes to the Susan Thompson Buffet Foundation, and several other grant makers, which are payments toward multibillion-dollar pledges he announced in 2006. 

巴菲特的一位代表证实，这份捐赠是巴菲特在11月底决定做出的一笔特别的一次性捐赠。而不属于他向苏珊·汤普森·巴菲特基金会和其他几个资助机构提供的年度捐赠。这些年度捐赠是为巴菲特在2006年宣布的数十亿美元的承诺捐赠做出的。 

The late Ruth DeYoung Kohler II comes in fifth on the list. The Kohler Company heiress, who died in 2020 at 79, left a $440 million bequest to launch the Ruth Foundation for the Arts, a Milwaukee grant maker that is devoted to supporting visual- and performing-arts groups throughout the country. It plans to award about $20 million a year. Kohler was an avid arts supporter and ran the John Michael Kohler Arts Center in Sheboygan, Wis., from 1972 to 2016. 

已故的露丝·德扬·科勒二世在名单上排名第五。这位科勒公司的继承人于2020年去世，享年79岁。她留下了4.4亿美元的遗赠，用于设立露丝艺术基金会。这是一个密尔沃基的资助机构，致力于支持美国全国的视觉和表演艺术团体。它计划每年发放约2000万美元的资金。科勒是一个狂热的艺术支持者，从1972年到2016年，她在威斯康星州希博伊根市经营约翰·迈克尔·科勒艺术中心。 

Kohler II is followed by MacKenzie Scott, the novelist and Amazon co-founder, who gave $436 million to Habitat for Humanity International. The gift was unrestricted, as has been the case with most of Scott’s giving. When Habitat for Humanity officials announced the gift in March, they said they plan to use the money to tackle the global housing crisis and advocate for systemwide changes to increase fair access to low-cost housing for everyone. 

科勒二世之后是小说家和亚马逊联合创始人麦肯锡·斯科特，她向国际仁人家园捐赠了4.36亿美元。与斯科特的大部分捐赠一样，该捐赠是不受限制的。当仁人家园的官员在3月宣布这项捐赠时，他们表示，他们计划用这笔钱来应对全球住房危机，并倡导在全系统范围内进行改革，以增加每个人公平获得低成本住房的机会。 

Two additional gifts from Scott — $281 million to Boys & Girls Clubs of America and $275 million to Planned Parenthood Federation of America — also landed on the list. 

斯科特的另外两份捐赠，是给美国男孩女孩俱乐部的2.81亿美元和给美国计划生育协会的2.75亿美元。这两笔捐赠也在榜单上。 

The Chronicle’s annual rankings are based on the 10 biggest publicly announced gifts. The tally does not include contributions of artwork or gifts from anonymous donors. In February, the Chronicle will unveil its annual ranking of the 50 biggest donors, a list based on individuals’ total contributions in 2022 rather than individual gifts. 

《慈善纪事报》的年度排名是基于公开宣布的10笔最大捐赠。该统计不包括艺术品的捐赠或匿名捐赠人的捐赠。今年2月，《慈善纪事报》将公布其年度Top50捐赠人排名。这个榜单是基于个人在2022年的总捐赠额，而不是单笔捐赠。